Question1: What is the trade name of simvastatin?
Simvastatin is commonly known by its trade name Zocor. Trade names are just another term for brand names. All options listed are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors used for high cholesterol, but Zocor specifically refers to simvastatin. Lipitor is atorvastatin, Crestor is rosuvastatin, and Mevacor is lovastatin.
Question 2: How many grams of sodium are in 1000 ml of NS?
NS stands for normal saline, which is 0.9% sodium chloride. This means there are 0.9 grams of sodium chloride per 100 milliliters.
To find out how many grams are in 1000 milliliters, we multiply 0.9 grams by 10 (since 1000 ml is 10 times 100 ml), resulting in 9 grams.
Question 3: Which of the following resources is used to determine therapeutic equivalence of generic drug products?
The Orange Book contains two-letter therapeutic equivalence codes for determining if a generic product can be substituted for a brand name product. Drugs with codes beginning with "A" are considered A-rated and may be substituted for the brand name. Other options listed serve different purposes: MedWatch is for reporting adverse events, the Purple Book contains information on biological products, and REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies) focuses on managing risks.
Question 4: How many grams of hydrocortisone powder are in 4 ounces of 2.5% hydrocortisone ointment?
2.5% hydrocortisone ointment means there are 2.5 grams of hydrocortisone per 100 grams of ointment. Since we have four ounces (which is equivalent to 120 grams), we calculate 2.5 grams per 100 grams and then multiply by 120 grams, resulting in 3 grams of hydrocortisone.
Question 5: Which of the following drugs is classified as an ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker)?
Cozaar is the brand name for losartan, which belongs to the class of ARBs. Drugs in this class typically have the suffix "-sartan." Other options listed are for different classes: Zestril (lisinopril) is an ACE inhibitor, Tenormin (atenolol) is a beta-blocker, and Norvasc (amlodipine) is a calcium channel blocker.
Question 6: How many 500 mg tablets are needed to compound 250 mL of 200mg/5ml suspension?
To find the total amount of drug needed, we first calculate the total milligrams required for the suspension. Then, we divide the total milligrams by the strength of each tablet (500 milligrams) to find out how many tablets are needed. In this case, 20 tablets are needed to compound 250 milliliters of the suspension.
Question 7: Which DEA form is used to order Schedule II drugs?
• Schedule II drugs are considered to have a high potential for abuse and have accepted medical uses with severe restrictions. Examples include opioid painkillers like oxycodone, stimulants like Adderall, and certain depressants.
• To order Schedule II controlled substances, DEA Form 222, also known as the "Order Forms for Schedule I and II Controlled Substances," is used.
• DEA Form 106 is used to report thefts or losses of controlled substances.
• DEA Form 41 is used for the disposal of controlled substances.
• DEA Form 224 is used to register as a controlled substance provider.
Q8: Which of the following is an example of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) that may be needed for compounding?
PPE is essential in minimizing exposure to hazards in the workplace. Gloves are commonly used in pharmacy settings to protect individuals from contact with potentially harmful substances during compounding activities.
Q9: Which of the following is typically administered IVPB (Intravenous Piggyback)?
IVPB, or Intravenous Piggyback, is a method of administering medications through IV tubing connected to primary IV fluid. Antibiotics are typically administered this way because it allows for precise dosing, compatibility with other medications, flexible dosing schedules, and reduces the risk of contamination, ensuring effective treatment for infections.
Q10: If a patient is to be given 10 ml equivalents of potassium chloride IV and the pharmacy stocks KCL 2 milliequivalents per milliliter solution, what volume is needed?
Given:
Amount of potassium chloride needed = 10 milliequivalents (mEq)
Concentration of KCL solution = 2 milliequivalents per milliliter (mEq/ml)
Volume = Amount of potassium chloride needed ÷ Concentration of KCl solution
Plugging in the values:
Volume = 10 mEq ÷ 2 mEq/ml
Volume = 5 ml
Q11: What is the retail price of a prescription with an AWP of $24.96, a markup of 5%, and a dispensing fee of $6.50?
The prescription price is determined by adding the AWP and the markup, then adding the dispensing fee.
In this case, $24.96 (AWP) + 5% markup ($1.25) + $6.50 (dispensing fee) = $32.71.Q12: Which of the following is equivalent to a dose of phenobarbital 1/4 gr?
One grain (gr) of phenobarbital is equivalent to 64.8 milligrams. To calculate the equivalent dose, we use the ratio of 64.8 mg per grain to find that 1/4 gr is 16.2 mg.
Q13: A 135 lb patient is to be given ceftriaxone 50 mg/kg/day q12h. What is the strength of one single dose?
1. Convert patient's weight to kilograms:
•1kg = 2.2lbs
• 135 pounds÷2.2=61.4 kilograms135pounds÷2.2=61.4kilograms
2. Calculate total daily dose:•
• 50 milligrams/kg/day×61.4 kilograms=3070 milligrams/day50milligrams/kg/day×61.4kilograms=3070milligrams/day
3. Determine the number of doses per day:
• Since the medication is taken every 12 hours, there are 24 hours/day÷12 hours/dose=2 doses/day24hours/day÷12hours/dose=2doses/day
4. Calculate the strength of one single dose:
• 3070 milligrams/day÷2=1535 milligrams/dose3070milligrams/day÷2=1535milligrams/dose
• 1535 milligrams=1.535 grams1535milligrams=1.535grams
• Rounded to 1 decimal place, the strength of one single dose is 1.5 grams1.5grams.
Q14: Which drug is classified as an ACE inhibitor?
ACE inhibitors, such as enalapril, are used for high blood pressure and heart failure. They have the suffix "-pril" in their generic names.
Q15: How many milligrams of active ingredient are in 5 mL of amoxicillin 8% suspension?
A concentration of 8% means there are 8 grams of drug per 100 milliliters. Therefore, 8 grams per 100 milliliters translates to 80 milligrams per 1 milliliter. Multiplying by 5 milliliters gives 400 milligrams.
Q16: Which drug is an H1 antagonist?
Cetirizine is an H1 antagonist, commonly known as an antihistamine or H1 blocker. Its brand name is Zyrtec. H1 antagonists work by blocking the action of histamine, a chemical in the body that causes allergic reactions.
Here's a breakdown of the options:
•b) Famotidine: Brand name Pepcid. It is an H2 blocker used for treating heartburn by reducing the production of stomach acid.
•c) Montelukast: Brand name Singulair. It is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to manage asthma and allergic rhinitis by blocking the action of leukotrienes, which are involved in allergic and asthmatic reactions.
•d) Methylprednisolone: Brand name Medrol. It is a steroid used to treat various inflammatory conditions and allergic reactions.
Q17: If NS is to be infused at 100 mL/hr for 12 hours, what is the total volume of fluid needed?
To find the total volume of fluid needed, we first calculate the amount infused over 12 hours, which is 100 milliliters/hour * 12 hours = 1200 milliliters. Since the answer choices are in liters, we convert 1200 milliliters to liters by dividing by 1000, yielding 1.2 liters.
Q18: Which of the following is not true regarding laminar flow hoods?
Laminar flow hoods should remain on 24 hours a day. Turning them off, if necessary, should be followed by at least 30 minutes of operation and thorough cleaning of the work surface with alcohol. Spraying anything into the back of the hood where the high-efficiency HEPA filter is located is also discouraged.
Q19: Which of the following acts led to most states requiring the offer of patient counseling?
OBRA (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) mandated the offer of prescription medication counseling to Medicaid patients by pharmacists.
CSA (Controlled Substance Act) regulates controlled substances.
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) ensures patient confidentiality.
PPPA (Poison Prevention Packaging Act) requires child-resistant packaging of drug products.
Q20: Which of the following medications is an antiviral?
Acyclovir is an antiviral, identifiable by the suffix "-ver" and acyclovir's brand name, Zovirax, which is commonly associated with antiviral medications.
Fluconazole: This medication ends with the suffix "-azole," indicating that it belongs to the class of antifungal medications. Its brand name, Diflucan, is commonly used to treat fungal infections.
Azithromycin: This medication is identified as a macrolide antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections. Its brand name, Zithromax, is well-known in the medical field.
Cephalexin: This medication falls under the category of cephalosporin antibiotics, commonly prescribed to treat bacterial infections. Its brand name, Keflex, is recognizable in clinical settings.
Q21: How many grams of dextrose does a 250 mL bag of D5W contain?
D5W is a solution containing 5 g of dextrose per 100 mL of sterile water. This means that for every 100 mL of D5W solution, there are 5 g of dextrose present.
To determine the amount of dextrose in a 250 mL bag of D5W, we can set up a proportion using equivalent fractions. Let's denote the unknown amount of dextrose in the 250 mL bag as 'x' grams.
We have the following information:
•5 grams of dextrose in 100 milliliters of D5W solution
•We want to find 'x' grams of dextrose in 250 milliliters of D5W solution
Setting up the proportion:
5 grams / 100 milliliters = x grams / 250 milliliters
Now, we can cross multiply:
5 * 250 = 100 * x 1250 = 100x
To solve for 'x', we divide both sides by 100: x = 1250 / 100 x = 12.5 grams
So, there are 12.5 grams of dextrose in a 250 mL bag of D5W solution. Therefore, option d) 12.5 grams is the correct answer.
Q22: A patient calls the pharmacy and wants to know how a new medication should be taken. What should the technician do?
Only a pharmacist can counsel patients on medication beyond basic knowledge. Technicians may answer basic questions or consult with a pharmacist when unsure.
Q23: What does the "0093" in the NDC for a 500-count bottle of cephalexin 500 mg capsules made by Teva mean?
The National Drug Code (NDC) is a unique 10-digit, three-part number used to identify drug products. Let's break down each part:
1. Labeler Code (First Part): This part of the NDC indicates the manufacturer or labeler of the product. It identifies the company that produces or distributes the drug. In the transcript, it mentions that the first part of the code, "0093," indicates that the product is manufactured by Teva Pharmaceuticals, as Teva is assigned this labeler code.
2. Product Code (Middle Number): The middle part of the NDC is the product code. It specifies the specific drug strength and dosage form. For example, in the transcript, "3147" indicates that the drug is cephalexin 500 milligram capsules.
3. Package Code (Last Number): The last part of the NDC is the package code, which indicates the quantity or size of the package. It specifies the amount of the drug contained in the package. For instance, in the transcript, "05" means that it's a 500-count bottle.
So, to summarize, the first part of the NDC, which is the labeler code, indicates the manufacturer of the drug product. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is c) Manufacturer. This understanding of the NDC helps pharmacists and healthcare professionals accurately identify and track drug products.
Q24: What is the correct SIG code for the following directions: "Take one capsule by mouth every eight hours as needed"?
In pharmacy and healthcare settings, "sig codes" are shorthand instructions used on prescription labels to communicate dosing instructions to patients. Let's break down each option provided in the question:
a) i cap tid cf: This sig code stands for "one capsule three times a day with food." The abbreviation "tid" means "three times a day," and "cf" indicates that the medication should be taken with food. However, this does not match the given instructions, which specify a dosage every eight hours as needed.
b) i cap qid prn: This sig code translates to "one capsule four times a day as needed." The abbreviation "qid" stands for "four times a day," and "prn" indicates "as needed." Again, this does not match the specified dosing schedule of every eight hours as needed.
c) i cap q8h prn: This is the correct sig code. It means "one capsule every eight hours as needed." The abbreviation "q8h" stands for "every eight hours," and "prn" signifies "as needed," which perfectly matches the given directions.
d) i cap q8hcf: This sig code would translate to "one capsule every eight hours with food." However, the given instructions do not specify that the medication should be taken with food, so this option does not accurately represent the dosing instructions.
Q25: Which of the following practices reduces the risk of dispensing errors in the pharmacy?
Dispensing errors can be reduced by staying focused, minimizing distractions, organizing the workspace, and ensuring workflow efficiency.
Storing look-alike, sound-alike drugs separately, using tallman lettering, and matching NDC numbers are additional safety measures.
Q26: What type of tip is used for a syringe to securely connect a needle?
A luer lock tip provides a secure screw-type connection for needles, unlike slip tips, which are push-on connections. Eccentric tips are off-center for specific injections, and disposable syringes are discarded after use.
Q27: A prescription for Amoxil 400 mg/5 mL, suspension instructs "itsp PO BID × 7D Dispense QS NR." What is the volume needed to fill the Rx?
The prescription is interpreted as follows:
• "itsp" 1 teaspoonful.
• "PO" by mouth.
• "BID" two times a day.
• "× 7d" for 7 days.
• "QS" Quantity Sufficient.
• "NR" No Refills.
The specific directions given in the prescription are "one teaspoonful by mouth two times a day for seven days." It's mentioned that one teaspoonful equals five milliliters. Therefore, each dose is five milliliters.
To calculate the total amount of medication required for the entire prescription, we need to find out the total volume consumed per day and then multiply it by the number of days:
5 milliliters (per dose) × 2 doses (per day) = 10 milliliters per day
Now, multiply the daily dosage by the number of days: 10 milliliters/day × 7 days = 70 milliliters So, a total of 70 milliliters of medication will be needed for the entire prescription.
Since we don't have a 70 milliliter bottle option, we choose the next larger size bottle, which is the 75 milliliter bottle. This bottle size will be sufficient to accommodate the required 70 milliliters of medication.
After dispensing 70 milliliters from the 75 milliliter bottle, there will be 5 milliliters remaining, which can be discarded as instructed since the prescription is for a seven-day course and no refills are allowed.
Q28: Which needle size has the smallest diameter?
Needle gauge inversely correlates with diameter, so a higher gauge number indicates a smaller diameter. Thus, a 26 gauge needle has the smallest diameter among those listed.
Q29: What size bottle is needed to dispense 200 mL of liquid?
There are 30 mL in one ounce. Therefore, to find out how many ounces are needed to contain 200 mL of liquid, we set up a proportion:
1 ounce / 30 mL = x ounces / 200 mL
To solve for x, we cross multiply:
1 * 200 = 30 * x
200 = 30x
Now, divide both sides by 30 to isolate x:
x = 200 / 30
x ≈ 6.7 ounces
So, approximately 6.7 ounces of liquid are needed. However, since we cannot have a fraction of an ounce in reality, we need to round up to the next whole number.
A 6 ounce bottle would be close but too small, as it is not enough to contain the required 200 mL. Therefore, the correct choice is the next larger size, which is the 8 ounce bottle.
To confirm that the 8 ounce bottle is suitable, we calculate the volume it can hold: 8 ounces * 30 mL = 240 mL
Since 240 mL is greater than 200 mL, an 8 ounce bottle can indeed contain the required 200 mL of liquid.
Therefore, the correct answer is d) 8 ounce, as it is the smallest bottle size that can accommodate the needed volume of liquid.
Q30: You receive an RX for cefdinir 150 mg/5 mL suspension, 4 oz. The product is available in 125 mg/5 mL and 250 mg/5 mL. How much of each strength is needed?
Using the allegation method, we determine the required amounts of each concentration. For a total of 120 milliliters needed (4 ounces), 24 milliliters of the 250 mg/5 mL concentration and 96 milliliters of the 125 mg/5 mL concentration are required to achieve the desired 150 mg/5 mL strength.