Q1: Which drug classification does citalopram belong to?
Citalopram belongs to the class of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), which are primarily used as antidepressants. SSRIs work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain. Citalopram, sold under the brand name Celexa, is one example of an SSRI.
Q2: How many milliliters are in five ounces?
There are 150 milliliters in 5 ounces. To convert ounces to milliliters, we know that 1 ounce equals 30 milliliters. Therefore, 5 ounces multiplied by 30 milliliters per ounce equals 150 milliliters.
Q3: What is the drug name a manufacturer gives to a drug?
The brand name is the name a manufacturer gives to a medication, often used for marketing purposes. For example, Tylenol is a brand name for the generic drug acetaminophen.
Q4: Which of the following controlled drugs cannot have refills?
Norco, a combination of hydrocodone with acetaminophen, is classified as a DEA Schedule II controlled substance. Schedule II medications, like Norco, cannot have refills due to their high potential for abuse and dependence.
Q5: How many 500 milligram doses of ampicillin can be obtained from a 2 gram vial?
To calculate the number of doses, divide the total quantity (2 grams) by the dosage per unit (500 milligrams). Therefore, 2 grams divided by 500 milligrams equals 4 doses.
Q6: A patient with a macrolide allergy should not take which antibiotic?
Azithromycin, also known as Zithromax, is a macrolide antibiotic. Therefore, patients with a known allergy to macrolides should avoid taking azithromycin.
Q7: Propranolol is classified as what type of drug?
Propranolol is a beta blocker medication used for treating high blood pressure and irregular heartbeats. It belongs to the class of drugs ending in "-olol."
Q8: What DEA schedule is Adderall?
Adderall is classified as a DEA Schedule II controlled substance due to its high potential for abuse and dependence. Schedule II drugs have strict regulations and cannot have refills.
Q9: Which category of drug means medications for cough?
Antitussives are medications used to suppress coughing. They are commonly prescribed for cough symptoms.
Q10: What drug recall classification means the product is unlikely to cause any adverse reactions?
Class 3 drug recalls are the least serious, indicating that the defective product is unlikely to cause any adverse reactions or health concerns.
Q11: What size syringe should be used to measure 2.5 mL?
To obtain the most accurate measurement, use a syringe that is slightly larger than the volume needed. Therefore, a 5 mL syringe would be suitable for measuring 2.5 mL.
Q12: A physician orders 100 grams of 2% hydrocortisone ointment. How much of each strength is needed to prepare this order correctly?
To achieve the desired concentration of 2%, you need to mix a stronger (2.5%) and a weaker (1%) concentration in certain proportions. The total amount should add up to 100 grams, with 67 grams coming from the 2.5% solution and 33 grams from the 1% solution.
Q13: A patient calls the pharmacy and requests refills for Low Pressure and Zoloft. Which medications should be selected for refill?
The patient ordered their medications by brand name, where "Low Pressure" refers to metoprolol and "Zoloft" refers to sertraline. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker used for conditions like hypertension and angina, while sertraline is an SSRI antidepressant commonly prescribed for depression, anxiety disorders, and OCD. Therefore, the correct selection for refill would be metoprolol and sertraline.
Q14: What is a mixture of very small drug particles floating in liquid called?
A suspension is a mixture of small particles that do not dissolve in a liquid and require shaking. Solutions, on the other hand, consist of dissolved drug particles in a liquid. Elixirs contain dissolved drugs in a liquid with alcohol and may require a warning about drowsiness. Emulsions are mixtures of two liquids that usually don't mix well, like water and oil.
Q15: A patient is to receive gentamicin at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day. What is the total daily dose if the patient weighs 150 lbs?
To calculate the total daily dose, first convert the patient's weight from pounds to kilograms. Then, multiply the weight in kilograms by the prescribed dose in milligrams per kilogram per day. In this case, the total daily dose is 341 mg.
Q16: What is the correct temperature range for drug products that are to be stored at controlled room temperature?
Controlled room temperature for drug storage typically ranges from 20 to 25 degrees Celsius, which is equivalent to 68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit.
Q17: A physician orders 1,000 mL D5W over 8 hours. The drip factor is 20 gtts/ml. What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
To calculate the flow rate, first determine the total volume to be infused over the specified time. Then, use the drip factor to calculate the drops/minute required to achieve the infusion rate. In this case, the flow rate is 42 drops/minute.
Q18: Which piece of information is not required on repackaged unit doses?
Repackaged unit doses must include the expiration date, lot number, and drug strength. The National Drug Code (NDC) is not required on repackaged unit doses.
Q19: Which element is K, the chemical symbol for?
K is the chemical symbol for potassium. Sodium is represented by Na, Iron by Fe, and Calcium by Ca.
Q20: How many milligrams of clindamycin are in 60 grams of clindamycin 1% gel?
To calculate the amount of clindamycin in the gel, first determine the concentration given (1% = 1 gram per 100 grams). Then, use the provided quantity (60 grams) to find the amount of clindamycin. In this case, there are 600 milligrams of clindamycin in 60 grams of 1% gel.
Q21: The drug omeprazole works by?
Omeprazole works as a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) by blocking the pumps in the stomach cells that produce acid, thereby reducing acid secretion.
Q22: When preparing IV products in a laminar flow hood, work should be done at least how far inside the hood?
All work in a laminar flow hood should be done at a distance of at least 6 inches from the front edge to minimize the risk of contamination.
Q23: Which of the following is not a valid physician DEA number?
A DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) number is a unique identifier assigned to healthcare providers who are authorized to prescribe controlled substances. It consists of two letters followed by seven digits. First Letter (Registrant Type): The first letter of a DEA number represents the registrant type, indicating whether the prescriber is a physician, physician's assistant, hospital, clinic, etc. Second Letter (Prescriber's Last Name): The second letter represents the first letter of the prescriber's last name. Unique Identifier Digits: The next six digits are unique identifier digits. Checksum Digit: The last digit, known as the checksum digit, is calculated based on the preceding digits to ensure the validity of the DEA number. Let's break down the invalid DEA number "BC4217323": First Letter (B): This could represent various types of registrants, but it's typically used for mid-level practitioners like physician assistants. However, this doesn't necessarily make the DEA number invalid on its own. Second Letter (C): This should represent the first letter of the prescriber's last name. However, it's unusual for a valid DEA number to have a "C" as the second letter since it's typically a letter from the prescriber's last name. Unique Identifier Digits (4217323): These digits make up the unique identifier portion of the DEA number. While these digits seem plausible, the issue lies in the second letter. Checksum Digit (3): The last digit of the DEA number is the checksum digit, which is calculated based on the preceding digits to ensure validity. For this DEA number to be valid, the checksum digit should match the calculated value based on the rest of the digits. However, since the second letter is not in line with typical DEA number conventions, the checksum digit is also invalid. In summary, the invalidity of the DEA number "BC4217323" stems from the unusual second letter ("C"), which deviates from the typical format where the second letter represents the first letter of the prescriber's last name. Additionally, the checksum digit is also incorrect, likely due to the inconsistency introduced by the second letter. Therefore, "BC4217323" is not a valid physician DEA number.
Q24: What size filter is needed to safely withdraw medication from an ampule?
An ampule is a sealed glass vial that contains medication. To remove the medication the glass must be broken. To avoid contaminants of small glass pieces in the final product, a filter needle or filter straw with a 5 µm (micron, micrometer) filter must be used to remove medication from an ampoule.
Q25: Which of the following medication classes are used for anxiety and sleep?
Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders by acting as central nervous system depressants.
Q26: 325 mg of acetaminophen is approximately how many gr of acetaminophen?
1. Understanding Grains (gr): Grains (gr) are a unit of measurement commonly used in pharmacy to express small weights. One grain (1 gr) is equivalent to approximately 64.8 milligrams (mg). 2. Conversion Factor: To convert milligrams (mg) to grains (gr), we need to use the conversion factor that relates these two units. Since one grain is approximately equal to 64.8 milligrams, we can set up the following proportion: 1 grain=64.8mg 1grain=64.8mg 3. Given Information: In the question, we're provided with the amount of acetaminophen in milligrams (325 mg) and asked to find the equivalent amount in grains. 4. Setting Up the Conversion: To convert 325 milligrams to grains, we'll use the conversion factor: 325 mg×(1 grain64.8 mg)325mg×(64.8mg1grain) 5. Calculating the Result: Now, we simply multiply 325 mg by the ratio of 1 grain to 64.8 mg: 325 mg×(1 grain64.8 mg)=5 grains325mg×(64.8mg1grain)=5grains The result is approximately 5 grains. In summary, 325 milligrams of acetaminophen is approximately equal to 5 grains. This conversion is based on the relationship between milligrams and grains, where one grain is approximately equal to 64.8 milligrams. Therefore, the correct answer is option d) 5 gr.
Q27: What is the controlled substance schedule of temazepam?
1. Understanding Controlled Substance Schedules: In the United States, controlled substances are categorized into different schedules based on their potential for abuse and dependence. The schedules range from Schedule I (the highest potential for abuse and no accepted medical use) to Schedule V (the lowest potential for abuse). 2. Definition of Temazepam: Temazepam is a medication commonly prescribed for the treatment of insomnia (difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep). It belongs to the class of drugs known as benzodiazepines, which are central nervous system depressants. 3. Controlled Substance Schedule of Temazepam: Temazepam is categorized as a Schedule IV controlled substance in the United States. 4. Explanation of Schedule IV: Schedule IV substances have a lower potential for abuse compared to drugs in Schedule I, II, and III. They have accepted medical uses and may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence compared to drugs in higher schedules. 5. Implications of Being a Schedule IV Substance: As a Schedule IV controlled substance, temazepam is subject to certain regulations regarding prescribing, dispensing, and storing. Prescriptions for Schedule IV drugs may have restrictions such as limited refills to prevent misuse or diversion. In summary, temazepam is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance in the United States due to its lower potential for abuse and accepted medical use in treating insomnia. Therefore, the correct answer is option c) 4.
Q28: How many 10 mL vials of Novolog are needed for a 30-day supply of insulin with directions 30 units subcutaneously every morning and 25 units subcutaneously every evening?
The prescription tells us the patient needs 30 units of Novolog insulin in the morning and 25 units in the evening. That means they use a total of 55 units every day. For a month (30 days), they'll need 1650 units (55 units/day × 30 days). Novolog comes in vials with 100 units per mL. So, they need 16.5 mL of Novolog for the month (1650 units ÷ 100 units/mL). Since each vial holds 10 mL, they'll need about 1.65 vials. We round that up to 2 vials because we can't buy a fraction of a vial.
Q29: Which of the following federal laws regulates the safety of drugs and medical devices?
The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act is responsible for regulating the safety and effectiveness of drugs and medical devices in the United States.
Q30: You're asked to compound 200 mL of metronidazole 5% liquid. How many 500mg metronidazole tablets will be needed?
The prescription asks for 200 milliliters of a liquid containing 5% metronidazole. "5%" means there are 5 grams of metronidazole in every 100 milliliters of liquid. So, for 200 milliliters, we need to calculate how many grams of metronidazole are needed. To find out, we multiply the percentage (5%) by the volume (200 milliliters) and divide by 100. This gives us 10 grams of metronidazole needed for the 200 milliliters. Now, we know each tablet contains 500 milligrams (or 0.5 grams) of metronidazole. To find out how many tablets we need, we divide the total grams needed (10 grams) by the amount in each tablet (0.5 grams). This gives us 20 tablets needed to make the liquid.
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